<\/p>\n
\u015eairlerin \u00fclkesi Nikaragua, <\/span><\/p>\n Karanl\u0131k bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fi olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen<\/span><\/p>\n Politika ve taraflar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden, par\u00e7alara ayr\u0131l\u0131p h\u0131rpalanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen<\/span><\/p>\n Orta Amerika\u2019n\u0131n – en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fclkesi<\/span><\/p>\n – <\/span><\/span><\/span>En b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6l de burda \u2013 \u2018Nikaragua\u2019 <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n <\/span>\u0130\u00e7inde, bo\u011fa k\u00f6pekbal\u0131klar\u0131 var<\/span><\/p>\n hem tatl\u0131 hem tuzlu suda ya\u015fayabilen<\/span><\/p>\n Ama say\u0131lar\u0131 azalm\u0131\u015f<\/span><\/p>\n Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k y\u00fcz\u00fcnden <\/span>\ud83d\ude41<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n — <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Numbers:<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n Nikaragua topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde 5,5 milyon insan ya\u015f\u0131yor<\/p>\n %69 Melezleri, Zambolar (Afrikal\u0131-Yerli kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131) ve Mulattolar (Avrupal\u0131-Afrikal\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131) olu\u015fturuyor, +%17 beyaz derililer + %5 Sumo, Miskito ve Ramakiye kabileleri<\/p>\n Halk\u0131n %50\u2019si fakirlik d\u00fczeyinin alt\u0131nda ya\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Gen\u00e7ler, n\u00fcfusun %70\u2019ini olu\u015fturuyor. Bu sebeple de, evler, kalabal\u0131k oluyor.<\/p>\n %60 katolik, %22 protestan dinleri a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kt<\/p>\n 1 usd = 21 c (cordobas)<\/p>\n \u0130klimleri: Kas\u0131m(11)\u2019dan Nisan\u2019a(04) kuru, May\u0131s\u2019(5)tan Ekim(10)\u2019e ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131<\/p>\n —<\/p>\n Anadil: \u0130spanyolca<\/p>\n —<\/p>\n \n Ba\u015fkentleri Managua\u2019da, sokak isimleri yok.<\/p>\n Haliyle \u2018eski Sandy\u2019nin oldu\u011fu sokak\u2019 gibi adresler varm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n G\u00f6r\u00fclesiler:<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Isla de Opetepe*<\/p>\n Corn Islands<\/p>\n Granada*<\/p>\n Leon*<\/p>\n San Jaun Del Sur*<\/p>\n Matagalpa<\/p>\n Esteli<\/p>\n Cayos Miskitos<\/p>\n Bosawasc (ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 zor ve hi\u00e7 turistik hi\u00e7 de\u011fil ama bence \u00e7ok g\u00fczel bir orman<\/p>\n \u00d6zGe\u00e7mi\u015fleri: <\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Christopher Columbus<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan 1502<\/a> y\u0131l\u0131nda Nikaragua k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 ke\u015ffedildi\u011finde \u00fclkede Miskitolar<\/a> gibi bir\u00e7ok yerli kabile vard\u0131. Conquistador Francisco Hern\u00e1ndez de C\u00f3rdoba Garanada<\/a> ve L\u00e9on<\/a>\u2019de 1524\u2019da bir yerle\u015fme merkezleri kurdu. 17. ve 18. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda \u0130spanyollar Nikaragua\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6m\u00fcrge h\u00e2line getirdiler.<\/p>\n 1821’de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanan Nikaragua, bir s\u00fcre Meksika<\/a> ile daha sonra Orta Amerika Birle\u015fik Ey\u00e2letleri<\/a> ile birle\u015fti. Nihayet 1838\u2019de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ayr\u0131 bir cumhuriyet oldu.<\/p>\n Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri<\/a> Deniz Kuvvetleri, yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda son olarak 1926 ve 1933 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda olmak \u00fczere defalarca \u00fclkeyi i\u015fgal etti.<\/p>\n ABD birli\u011finin 1925’te \u00e7ekilmesinin hemen ard\u0131ndan bir i\u00e7 sava\u015f patlak verdi. Liberal \u00f6nderlerden Cesar Augusto Sandino silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadeleyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrken; \u00f6teki Liberal \u00f6nderler ABD denetiminde yap\u0131lacak se\u00e7imlere kat\u0131lmay\u0131 kabul ettiler. 1928 ve 1932’deki se\u00e7imlerin ikisini de liberal adaylar kazand\u0131. Bu arada, ABD subaylar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zetiminde Nikaragua Ulusal Muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131 adl\u0131 bir asker\u00ee birlik olu\u015fturuldu. ABD kuvvetlerinin 1933’te \u00fclkeyi terketmeleri \u00fczerine Sandino da silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadeleyi b\u0131rakt\u0131.<\/p>\n Ulusal Muhaf\u0131zlar\u0131n komutan\u0131 Anastasio Somoza Garcia 1934’te Sandino’yu \u00f6ld\u00fcrterek liberal ba\u015fkan Sacasa’y\u0131 ba\u015fkanl\u0131ktan uzakla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. 1936’da kendini ba\u015fkan se\u00e7tirdi ve elinde toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 geni\u015f yetkilerle bask\u0131c\u0131 bir y\u00f6netim kurdu. Somoza Garcia’n\u0131n 1956’da \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi \u00fczerine ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa o\u011flu Luis Somoza Debayle getirildi. 1962’de Somoza rejimini hedef alan en b\u00fcy\u00fck muhalefet gruplar\u0131ndan (FSLN) Sandinista Ulusal Kurtulu\u015f Cephesi<\/a> gerilla \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Luis Somoza’n\u0131n 1967’de kalp krizi ge\u00e7irerek \u00f6lmesinin ard\u0131ndan karde\u015fi Anastasio Somoza Debayle ba\u015fkan oldu. 1972’de Managua<\/a>‘da 6 bin ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ve 300 bin ki\u015finin evsiz kalmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an deprem nedeniyle g\u00f6nderilen uluslararas\u0131 yard\u0131mlar\u0131 el alt\u0131ndan kendisinin ve ailesinin hesaplar\u0131na aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. 1974’te de anayasay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirerek ikinci kez ba\u015fkan se\u00e7ilmesini sa\u011flad\u0131. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, gerilla sava\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6nemli kay\u0131plara u\u011frayan Sandinistalar (FSLN), bu geli\u015fme \u00fczerine liberal \u00e7evreler ve orta s\u0131n\u0131fla ittifaka y\u00f6neldiler. Ocak 1978’de, Demokratik Kurtulu\u015f Birli\u011fi (UDEL) adl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir muhalefet hareketinin lideri olan gazeteci Pedro Joaquin Chamorro’nun \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesiyle bir genel grev dalgas\u0131 ve yayg\u0131n \u015fiddet hareketleri ba\u015flad\u0131. Yeniden silahl\u0131 m\u00fccadeleye ba\u015flayan Sandinistalar, b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6nemli kentleri ele ge\u00e7irdikten sonra ba\u015fkent Managua<\/a>‘y\u0131 da ku\u015fatarak 17 Temmuz 1979’da 45 y\u0131ll\u0131k Somoza rejimine son verdiler.<\/p>\n Yeni y\u00f6netim Somoza ailesinin m\u00fclklerini kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rak; bir dizi devletle\u015ftirmeye giri\u015fti ve sosyalist \u00fclkelerle yak\u0131n ili\u015fkiler kurdu. Bunun \u00fczerine ABD, Nikaragua’ya yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekonomik yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 keserek y\u00f6netime kar\u015f\u0131 gerilla m\u00fccadelesi y\u00fcr\u00fcten sa\u011fc\u0131 Contra’lara geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 destek vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Ekonomisi a\u011f\u0131r bir bunal\u0131ma giren Nikaragua’n\u0131n baz\u0131 Orta Amerika \u00fclkeleriyle ili\u015fkileri de bozdu. \u015eubat 1989’da Orta Amerika \u00fclkeleri ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n\u0131n El Salvador<\/a>‘da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplant\u0131da serbest se\u00e7imlere gidilmesi ve Somoza’ya ba\u011fl\u0131 Ulusal Muhaf\u0131z \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcnde g\u00f6rev yapm\u0131\u015f 1,900 kadar mahkumun serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011fnda contra birliklerinin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda anla\u015fmaya var\u0131ld\u0131. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l, bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alan ve se\u00e7im sistemini yeniden d\u00fczenleyen yasalar \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Yine ayn\u0131 y\u0131l ABD Nikaragua’ya kar\u015f\u0131 be\u015f y\u0131ld\u0131r uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ambargoyu kald\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n 1990’da yap\u0131lan serbest se\u00e7imlerde Ulusal Muhalefet Birli\u011fi (UNO) Ulusal Meclis’teki 92 sandalyeden 51’ini kazand\u0131 ve UNO’nun aday\u0131 Violeto Barrios de Chamorro ba\u015fkan oldu.1996 ve 2001’deki se\u00e7imlerde de Anayasac\u0131 Liberal Parti (PLC), FSLN’ye kar\u015f\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flad\u0131. Kas\u0131m 2006’da yap\u0131lan ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7iminde Daniel Ortega y\u00fczde 37.99 oyla, 17 y\u0131l aradan sonra ba\u015fkanl\u0131k g\u00f6revine getirildi.<\/p>\n Ve tabi bir s\u00fcr\u00fc olaylarla birlikte.. 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 \u011fzerine Abd ve EU yard\u0131m eller\u0131n\u0131 Nikaragua\u2019dan geri \u00e7ekti. O g\u00fcnden beri de her\u015fey daha da k\u00f6t\u00fce gidiyor anla\u015f\u0131lan..\u00a0 \ud83d\ude41 Yerlilerle konu\u015fup, daha \u00e7ok \u00f6\u011frenmeyi umuyorum. <\/em><\/p>\n \n \n \u015eairlerin \u00fclkesi Nikaragua, <\/span><\/p>\n Karanl\u0131k bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fi olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen<\/span><\/p>\n Politika ve taraflar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden, par\u00e7alara ayr\u0131l\u0131p h\u0131rpalanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen<\/span><\/p>\n Orta Amerika\u2019n\u0131n – en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fclkesi<\/span><\/p>\n – <\/span><\/span><\/span>En b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6l de burda \u2013 \u2018Nikaragua\u2019 <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n <\/span>\u0130\u00e7inde, bo\u011fa k\u00f6pekbal\u0131klar\u0131 var<\/span><\/p>\n hem tatl\u0131 hem tuzlu suda ya\u015fayabilen<\/span><\/p>\n Ama say\u0131lar\u0131 azalm\u0131\u015f<\/span><\/p>\n Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k y\u00fcz\u00fcnden <\/span>L<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u015eairlerin \u00fclkesi Nikaragua, Karanl\u0131k bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fi olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Politika ve taraflar y\u00fcz\u00fcnden, par\u00e7alara ayr\u0131l\u0131p h\u0131rpalanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Orta Amerika\u2019n\u0131n – en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fclkesi – En b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6l de burda \u2013 \u2018Nikaragua\u2019 \u0130\u00e7inde, bo\u011fa k\u00f6pekbal\u0131klar\u0131 var hem tatl\u0131 hem tuzlu suda ya\u015fayabilen Ama say\u0131lar\u0131 azalm\u0131\u015f Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \ud83d\ude41 — Numbers: Nikaragua topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde 5,5 milyon insan ya\u015f\u0131yor […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[26],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/vanessastateofmind.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3564"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/vanessastateofmind.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/vanessastateofmind.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/vanessastateofmind.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/vanessastateofmind.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3564"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"http:\/\/vanessastateofmind.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3564\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3566,"href":"http:\/\/vanessastateofmind.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3564\/revisions\/3566"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/vanessastateofmind.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3564"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/vanessastateofmind.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3564"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/vanessastateofmind.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3564"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}